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There exists a button "View in Dynamics" in the Outlook App. Clicking this button opens the current record either in a browser popup or browser window, depending on your settings.
In any case, the browser opens the Dynamics system outside the context of any exising Dynamics apps, there is only a small notification which points that out and an even smaller button to select an app.
After the first time selecting an app, this choice will be remembered. However, the average user will not be bothered to select any app.

Suggestion:
Create an option for the system customizor / administrator to set a default app which is used when opening Dynamics with this button. If a user has already chosen an app, this should outweigh the default setting.
STATUS DETAILS
New